藥癮者家屬支持團體之運作與經驗探究

The Operation and Experience of Drug Addict's Family Support Group

父母的親職能力與青少年藥物使用有關，適當的管教是孩子的保護因子。青少年的物質濫用需要針對父母進行協助，以確保戒癮的穩定性。協助家屬積極參與藥癮的治療，能提升家庭關係和親職教養功能、防範藥物濫用與復發。然而臺灣藥癮輔導的進展緩慢，多數聚焦於藥癮者的精神醫療與司法矯治，較少提供藥癮家屬協助，偶有機構辦理家屬懇談或支持團體，出席人數並不理想，無法常態進行，導致藥癮者的家屬支持團體一直是項極重要卻難以展現成效的業務，究竟藥癮者的家屬對於參加家屬活動的想法與經驗是什麼？什麼原因阻擋家屬出席家屬活動？又有哪些因素對家屬產生好的作用？藥癮家屬的心聲值得關注。本研究採用質性研究法進行藥癮家屬團體經驗的探索，研究場域為近年國內唯一長期穩定辦理藥癮家屬團體的晨曦會福音戒毒中心，研究對象包括十位藥癮者之父母，選樣方法為立意抽樣。資料的蒐集是透過家庭訪視、個別訪談法、家屬團體的參與觀察法，來蒐集資蒐集資料，受談的十位藥癮者的父母包括二位父親、八位母親，研究目的在於了解藥癮者的父母對於家屬支持團體的態度與參與經驗。研究發現如下：一、家屬支持團體的短期目標是幫助家屬獲得正確資訊與壓力抒解，中程目標是協助家屬找到繼續的力量與受苦的意義，並且能得到充權，最終目的幫助其藥癮兒女走上戒癮之路。二、藥癮者父母參與支持團體的阻力包括：懷疑參加團體的必要性、面子問題、感到羞恥、工作忙碌、家屬想喘息、想過正常生活、家屬接受度低、路途遙遠，交通時間久，遠地家屬無法就近參加，因此鼓勵家屬參與團體，機構對家屬的動機促進是最重要的工作。三、家屬支持團體的成員維繫策略包括：戒癮輔導與家屬輔導雙軌並進、舊團體成員的追蹤與支持、鼓勵夫妻一同出席、建立網路群組與即時互助、新成員與困難家屬的家庭訪視。四、家屬支持團體帶給家屬的療效因子包括：同病相憐與普同感、帶來希望感、訊息提供與觀念修正、搶救策略的分享、情緒的宣洩與相互支持、群組與即時互助、信仰的幫助。受訪家屬在支持團體中感到比較不孤單、能釋懷、能經歷上蒼的能力、較能反省、找到受苦的意義、能夠成為別人的幫助者，覺得自己有價值。特別是來自信仰的力量強化家屬對抗逆境的韌性。

Parental competence is related to adolescent substance abuse, appropriate discipline is the child's protective factor. We need to assist the parents of drug addicts to ensure the stability of abstinence. To help families actively participate in the treatment of drug addiction, can enhance family relations and parental education function, to prevent drug abuse and relapse. However, the development of drug addiction counseling is slow in Taiwan, most focus on mental health care and judicial correction, less to provide family assistance. What is the attitude and experience of the family of drug addicts for participating in family program? What obstacle to block family to receive family services? What are the factors that have a positive effect on the family? It is important to care the families of drug addict. Qualitative research was used to explore the experience of drug addicts' family. The research field is the only institution that has long term been engaged in support group for drug addicts' family. Research subjects included ten parents of drug addicts. The sampling method is purposive sampling. The collection of data is through the family visit, individual interviews and observation method to collect information. A total of ten respondents included two fathers and eight mothers. The purpose of the study was to understand the attitudes of parents of drug addicts about family support groups. The research results are as follows: First, the short-term goal of the family support group is to help the family get the correct information and explain the pressure, the medium goal is to help the family to find the power to continue and find the meaning of suffering. The ultimate goal is to help their drug addicts go on the road to recovery. Second, the obstacles of parents go to the support group include: doubt the necessity to participate in groups, feel ashamed, work is busy, family want to rest, desire normal life, low acceptance, far away so the family can't participate. So to encourage family members to participate in groups, to promote family motives is the most important work. Third, the strategy to maintain group members include: addiction counseling and family counseling double track progress, to follow up and support the old group members, to encourage couples to attend together, to establish network groups and assistance each other, new members and family visit to difficult families. Fourth, the effectiveness of the support group include: the same affection and common sense, bring a sense of hope, to share information, emotional catharsis and mutual support, group and instant assistance. Respondents in the support group feel not alone, can let go, can experience the power from God, more self-reflection, to find the meaning of suffering, to become someone else's help, feel that they are valuable, especially from the power of God can help families against adversity. This article explores the mentality of drug addicts' family, drug addicts' family have resilience and vitality. Expect the results of this study can provide reference to the relevant units.