論設置受刑人工作釋放中心之芻議：以美國為借鏡

Constructing Work Release Centers: A Case Study from the U.S. Perspective

今（2017）年3月法務部公布實施新修正之《受刑人監外作業實施辦法》，將受刑人的監外作業種類區分為戒護監外作業與自主監外作業兩種，特別是自主監外作業，讓符合監外作業條件的受刑人，在監獄無庸派員戒護的情況下，可以自主性地往返作業（工作）及監禁處所。這樣的立法措施，可以說是讓受刑人在監禁期間，即可提早就業謀生，出獄後即可無縫接軌，俾利適應社會生活。讓矯正工作從傳統的監禁管理邁向積極的矯治復歸，也讓矯正工作從圍牆內跨出於圍牆外。揆諸這項政策，屬於中間性刑罰（處遇）的工作釋放方案，我國實施的情況與相關配套措施，是否完備？值得探究。因此，本文借鏡於美國的立法與實務運作，介紹中間性刑罰、工作釋放方案的實務運作以及臺灣與美國在工作釋放方案的比較，最後發現整體的日間工作釋放制度，尚須工作釋放中心之配套始臻完善。基於比較法的分析後，本文提出建構本土性工作釋放中心之芻議與具體作法，藉由本文的拋磚引玉，讓受刑人的自主監外作業制度更加完善。

Enacted in March 2017, the Ministry of Justice amended the “Regulations of Inmates' Work Release Program” in which the work release programs have been classified into two groups: custodial work release (CWR) and non-custodial work release (N-CWR). N-CWR also refers to self-administered out-prison labor. The purpose of this self-administered out-prison labor is to matching inmates' job seamlessly prior to release and reintegrating his/her life successfully while reentry. It also means that the function of correctional administrators shifts from a negatively custodial role into a positively reintegrative partner. When taking a closer look at this new program, some supportive measures have been overlooked in Taiwan. From a comparative perspective, this study introduces the concept of intermediate sanctions and the practices of work release programs drawn from the U.S., including federal and state levels at the beginning of this paper. Subsequently, this study tries to compare the work release programs between Taiwan and the U.S. After a comparison, this study finds that work release center system is a supportive measure that should be introduced to Taiwan correctional system making the work release program perfect. As a catalyst, this study hopes that the corrections can adopt findings and suggestions and construct work release centers accordingly soon.