1930~1950 年代的中華民國外交政策

The Diplomatic Policies of R.O.C. during 1930s to 1950s

1930 年至1950 年代裡，中華民國以一個積弱之國，周旋於日、俄、英、美各國之間的利害、權衡，採取相應之策略，進行談判，以期達到有利於中華民國之局勢。對日本抗戰時，採取以空間來換取時間的策略。藉由美國的支持，成為美國的盟友。1941 年，日本威脅到英國屬地印度的安全，印度是大英帝國中最大的殖民地，英國至為重視，中華民國派遣遠征軍進入緬甸，與英軍共同抗日，其目的在於：先發制人，以減少日軍進攻雲南的可能性；並且保護印度，加強中英合作抗日的關係。俄國害怕東面要面對日本，西面要對抗德國，在此情況下，中、俄雙方聯盟於1937 年8 月21 日簽訂了「中俄互不侵犯條約」，隨後俄國軍火與經濟援助源源運往中國，然而，國際情勢詭譎多變，1945年，「雅爾達密約」卻對中華民國政府造成極大的影響，國民政府過度地依賴他國，也是不切實際的想法。

The Republic of China, a weak country, to deal with between theJapan, Russia, Britain and the United States during 1930s to 1950s. Itsgoal is to achieve the benefits of the Republic of China by taking thestrategy, negotiations. Chiang Kai-Shek’s government kept the policy,taking the time instead of space, during the War of Resistance against the Japanese. Chiang Kai-Shek hoped to be a partner with US. In 1941,the Japanese threaten India, the British’s the largest colony. It is veryimportant for the UK to protect India. Chiang Kai-Shek decided to sendChinese Army to fire with. His aim is to strengthen the relations withthe UK.Russia was afraid to face both of Japan and Germany. In this case,Chiang Kai-Shek’s government and Russia signed the 'Sino-Russiannon-aggression pact' on August 21, 1937. Russian shipped arms andeconomic aid to China. However, 'Yalta Agreement', in 1945, broughtvery serious effect to the treacherous changeable international situation,tells a dramatic effect Chiang Kai-Shek’s government.