早期閩南語中多重功能詞「處」的探索：從方位到體貌

Polyfunctionality of 處 in Early Southern Min: from Location to Aspect

本文以「處」為例探討明清閩南戲文中多重功能語詞怎麼從方位詞轉變成體貌標記。「處」原本是方位詞，配上指示詞等類的語詞才能具有指稱的功能，但具有指示功能的方位構式除掉空間指示詞後，可以單獨轉化為體貌標記，置於動詞之後，表示狀態或動作結果的持續，置於動詞之前，表示動作的進行或持續。動詞後的句尾「處」不但表示狀態的持續，且大多用於祈使式。這種現象在在顯示語詞的語意的確定與出現的結構息息相關。從文獻的語料中可以回頭審視方位詞到體貌標記的可能路徑。

The paper is a case study of 處 as a polyfunctional word showing the transformation of a location marker to an aspect one. Te3 處 as a locative word cannot be referential unless it is coupled with demonstratives. Te3 處 unadorned by demonstratives tends to lead to an aspectual marker. It functions as a continuative aspect marker in the post-verbal position, whereas itcan be construed as a progressive or continuative aspect marker in the preverbal position. It often takes on an additional imperative force as a post-verbal continuative aspect marker. The meaning of a word cannot be pinned down without referring to the structure in which it is located. Examination of textual evidences enables us to map out the path of grammaticalization.