從李春生對進化主義的反駁看其在近代思想史的定位

Li Chun-sheng's Ideas of Evolution and His Position in Modern Intellectual History

本文主旨在討論臺灣哲學家李春生，如何以基督教神學思想對抗進化主義，他認為人類的進步是以合作為基礎，而並非以競爭為手段的觀念切入其學說中心。李氏同時也融鑄傳統儒學思維來佐證其基督教神學思想的可行性。清末時期，大多數中國知識份子以進化主義作為救亡圖存的強心劑時，李春生提供了另一種思維方式來反思如何解救中國。他反對物競天擇，適者生存的觀念，主張以博愛、和平的基督教精神才能解救清末的中國。在基督教尚不普及的清末時期，他的論點是可以拿來跟進化主義影響的中國知識份子所秉持的思維來作一比較。

This article discusses how Li Chunsheng, a Taiwanese philosopher, uses his Christian thought to fight the idea of evolution in Late Qing period. Li asserts that the evolution of humanity should base on cooperation instead of competition. In addition, Li Chunsheng tries to incorporate Confucianism into his Christian thought to prove the latter's feasibility and reliability. In the Late Qing period, while many Chinese scholars saw principles of Evolution as solution to many problems, Li Chunsheng on the other hand used Christianity as alternative. He opposed the ideas of natural selection, the survival of the fittest. He advocated the idea that universal love, peaceful Christian spirit and so on could rescue the Qing China. When Christianity was till not popular at the time, Li's support and argument for Christianity can be used to compare with the thoughts held by other intellectuals who believed in Evolution.