影響意外硬脊膜穿破之可能因素探討

An exploratory study of the factors influencing the unintentional dural puncture rate of anesthetists.

背景及目的：硬脊膜外麻醉是目前麻醉醫師經常使用的一種區域麻醉方式，而意外硬脊膜穿破則是施行硬脊膜外麻醉時最常見的併發症，本研究目的即在探討影響意外硬脊膜穿破之可能因素，以避免發生此一意外。方法：本研究採回溯性資料蒐集方法，研究國內一家教學醫學中心自民團89年10月至95年5月期間共有15,932例硬脊膜外麻醉。分析各種病人特質（基本特性：年齡、性別﹔疾病特性：手術種類、ASA體位、急診、使用侵入性生理監視器）與工作特質（時間特性：執行時間、工作時段、累計上班時間：經驗特性：麻醉醫師的職位﹔工作負荷特性：麻醉醫師同時照顧之麻醉單位數）對意外硬脊膜穿破機率之影響。結果：以邏輯迴歸計算其意外硬脊膜穿破勝算比：第一年住院醫師、第二年住院醫師分別為專科醫師的3.鈞、3.09倍﹔病人年齡每增加一歲，意外硬脊膜穿破風險增加1.01倍，骨科病人、其他非產科或骨科病人分別為產科病人的3.63、3.32倍﹔大夜班為白天班的2.94倍。結論：較易發生意外有更脊膜穿破之情況包括：個案年齡較高、非產科接受有更脊膜外麻醉者、大夜班執行硬脊膜外麻醉、由第一年住院醫師或第二年住院醫師執行硬脊膜外麻醉，限制高風險醫師於高風險時段為高風險病患族群執行硬脊膜外麻醉，將有助於減少意外硬脊膜穿破之風險。

Background and Aim: Epidural anesthesia is one of the regional anesthesias that anesthesiologists usually perform for patients. Unintentional dural puncture is the most frequently occurring complications while performing epidural anesthesia. The aim of this study is to explore the factors influencing the unintentional dural puncture rate by anesthetists. Method: We retrospectively analyzed 15,932 cases of epidural anesthesia collected from a teaching medical center since October 1990 to May 2006. The influence of patient factors (included: age, sex, type of operation, ASA classification, emergency, invasive hemodynamic monitors) and work factors (included: anesthesia time, work shifts, cumulative work hours, anesthetists' experience, concurrency) to the rate of unintentional dural puncture was analyzed. Results: By logistic regression, The odds ratios in terms of UDP rates tbr 1 st year rufd 2'd year training residents are 3.29 and 3.09 times more than attending anesthesiologists. Older patient is 1.01 times per year more than younger patient. Orthopedic operations and non-orthopedic non-obstetric operations are 3.63 and 3.32 in comparison with obstetric operations. Late night shift is 2.94 times more than day shift. Conclusion: Old age, non-obstetric operation, late night shift, 1 ~~year and 211d year training resident were associated with higher rates of unintentional dural puncture.