納離子通道與局部麻醉劑

Sodium Channels and Local Anesthetics: A Review

臨床上局部麻醉劑的應用已經超過一百年了，雖然大概知道它是透過阻斷納通道來達到局部麻醉的效果，但一直以來我們對其確切的分子作用機轉卻不甚明暸，直到近幾十年來分子生物學的發展，才讓我們得以一窺究竟，了解局部麻醉劑與鈉離子通道之間的作用關係。在此篇文章當中，我們將回顧這幾年來有關於鈉通道詳細之分子結構與分類等論文發表，並進一步探討特定種類的鈉通道在神經性疼痛上所扮演的角色與未來可能發展的相關治療模式。最後並介紹局部麻醉劑的其他作用。

Although the clinical application of local anesthetics was over a century, the molecular mechanism of their action was not investigated until recent years. According to the investigation in the aspect of molecular biology, the sodium channel protein is evidenced a target for specific local anesthetic effects on mammalian neurons. In this article, we will introduce the molecular structure of sodium channels, the neuropathic pain related channel subtypes, and the current understanding about the relationship between sodium channels and local anesthetics. Finally, some other additional effects of local anesthetics will also be reviewed as well.