再思連讀變調之OCP效應

Rethinking OCP Effects on Tone Sandhi

「必要差異原則」(OCP)不允許相同的成分彼此毗鄰，這個限制最早是從非洲聲調語言中的聲調異化現象所觀察得。在漢語方言中，語境連讀變調對於相鄰的聲調具敏感性，往往是由OCP效應所導致。本文調查了漢語方言變調的文獻，並觀察在調根、調弧及調域各個層次的OCP效應。本人提出，OCP必須輔予「違反落標」的限制，並且主張，聲調保留並非取決於韻律首或邊端位置之特殊性，而是藉由「祖父效應」所成就。

The obligatory contour principle (OCP), disallowing identical elements to be adjacent, was originally observed in phenomena of tonal dissimilation in African tone languages. In Chinese dialects, contextual tone sandhi, which is sensitive to neighboring tones, is often characterized as resulting from OCP effects. This paper surveys the literature of tone sandhi in Chinese dialects and observes the OCP effects on tone roots, contours, and registers. In terms of comparative markedness, I posit that OCP must be supplemented with locus of violation, and tone retention does not follow from prosodic headship/edge privilege, but is achieved by the grandfathering effect.