現代閩南語「無」的多重功能：從階層結構入手

Polyfunctionality of Bo5 in Modern Southern Min: A Case of Its Interpretation in Tandem with Hierarchical Positions

現代閩南語「無」有多重功能，這與這個否定詞在句中階層結構位置有關。功能詞「無」可充當動補式中顯性或隱性補語的否定助詞，可出現於謂語詞組或情態詞之前，表現主語導向更主觀的語義。「無」常可充當中心語，造就動詞或名詞為形容詞詞組，再和程度副詞結合。「無」也可出現於句尾形成問句，也可以出現於句首，充當承前作用的附屬子句標記。這一系列的階層結構中帶「無」的表現，有些已經發展出帶有特定句法、語氣特徵的構式，如中間構式、習慣構式、反映說者估量的驗證構式等。

The polyfunctionality of bo5 in modern Southern Min is induced by the hierarchical positions of this negative element. Bo5 can negate an explicit or implicit complement in a verbcomplex optionally followed by an object noun phrase. It can also negate verb phrases or modals yielding speaker-oriented subjective senses. When followed by a verb or noun it can form an adjectival phrase bound by a scalar degree adverb. It can be a sentence-final negative particle or a discourse particle at the sentence-initial position. It has taken on a range of syntactic and semantic properties and is instrumental in forming constructions like middles and habituals, and constructions expressing epistemological stand.