卡玲語動詞形態概要

An Overview of Khaling Verbal Morphology

本文提供卡玲語及物和不及物動詞系統的完整描寫，並重點討論形態變化中的詞幹交替。我們用內部構擬法分析詞幹交替，在這個構擬模式中，動詞形態的任何一個形式可以用一系列的形態規則從動詞的原形派生出來。我們在這個構擬模式的基礎上編了電腦程式，這個程式自動生成所有的動詞形態。電腦生成的動詞變位表得到卡玲語母語者的驗證。我們的構擬模式不但是分析詞幹交替的有效方法，也是進行基蘭提語言語音和動詞形態歷史比較的基礎研究，特別是密切相關的督米語和高衣語。

This article presents a comprehensive description of the Khaling intransitive and transitive verbal paradigms, focusing on the complex system of stem alternations, which is unmatched in the Sino-Tibetan family. Using internal reconstruction, we posit a reconstructed root and a set of rules from which all attested alternations can be derived. Paradigms generated by a computerized version of these rules have been validated by several speakers. This reconstruction serves as a tool to efficiently classify and describe morphophonological alternations, and as a basis for further research on diachronic morphology involving comparison with other closely related languages such as Dumi and Koyi.