心理空間理論與《莊子》「用」的隱喻

Mental Space Theory and the Relation of Metaphors to ‘Usefulness’ in Zhuangzi

本文以心理空間理論 (Fauconnier 1994, 1997, Fauconnier & Turner 2002)為基礎，探討《莊子》故事中有關「用」的隱喻，以期了解語言結構如何促發背景框架，有系統的詮釋隱喻的一系列認知過程。本文根據 Pustejovsky(1995) 的屬性結構將來源域之語意項的語意特徵予以系統呈現，說明其與目標域之語意項的映射關係。此外，透過 Fillmore (1982, 1985) 的框架理論，說明如何將未出現在字裡行間的相關概念誘導出來，作為概念融合之用。最後應用心理空間理論，完整說明隱喻融合的過程以及欲表達喻意的認知系統。

This paper uses Mental Space Theory (Fauconnier 1994, 1997, Fauconnier & Turner 2002) to discuss the relation of metaphors to ‘usefulness’ in the stories of Zhuangzi, and to explain how linguistic structures in the source domain provide a trigger for a series of complex cognitive procedures in the interpretations of metaphors. We use Pustejovsky’s (1995) qualia structure to describe how the attributes of an element (e.g., tree) in the source domain are structured and then linked to the attributes of an element (e.g., Zhuangzi’s thought) in the target domain. In addition, we use Fillmore’s (1982, 1985) frame theory to illustrate how the coherent package of knowledge is activated for conceptual blending. Finally, we use Mental Space Theory to account for the conceptual blending and the cognitive procedures for the metaphorical interpretations.