從構詞與句法的特徵論彝緬語之為藏緬語族中的獨立語支

The Characteristics of the Burmic Family of Tibeto-Burman

本文針對用於藏緬語族緬彝語的各種名稱之歷史及其構成元素進行概述。簡要說明一些致使緬彝語與藏緬語族其他語支相區別的語音演變及其內部的進一步發展。本文討論了緬彝語詞法的重構，該語支的詞法重構相對藏緬語族大部分其他語支而言，規模要小得多。此外，並提出緬彝語的主要句法特點，即典型的動詞後置，以及各種語法標記的重構形式。本文亦提供了一些詞彙差異的實例，以證明緬彝語是藏緬語族的一個獨立語支，以及緬彝語內可再分為次語支。本文之附錄收錄了斯瓦迪士百詞表的緬彝語詞彙，並列出重構的同源詞以及源於緬甸語和源於彝語支語的三個主要次語支中具有代表性的語言的詞彙。本文提及之例子編號係參照附錄中的詞彙編號。

The history of the various names used for the Burmic branch of Tibeto- Burman (TB) and its components are outlined. Some salient phonological developments which differentiate Burmic from other TB subgroups and some further internal developments are briefly exemplified. The morphology reconstructible for Burmic, which is much less extensive than that found in many other TB branches, is discussed. The main syntactic characteristics of Burmic, typical of verb-final TB, are given, along with the reconstructed forms for various syntactic markers. Some examples of lexical differences providing evidence for Burmic as a separate group within TB and for subgrouping within Burmic are presented. The paper also provides the Burmic forms for the Swadesh 100-word list in an appendix, giving reconstructed etyma and forms from Burmese and from representative languages in the three main branches of Ngwi. Examples are cited below with reference to the numbers of the forms in this appendix.