台灣南島語與菲律賓南島語在形態句法上的一些差異

Some Morphosyntactic Differences between Formosan and Philippine Languages

本文旨在探討台灣南島語與菲律賓南島語在形態句法上的一些較不常被探討的差異。筆者針對台灣南島語與菲律賓南島語在以下四點形態句法上的差異做簡短的探討：(1) 固定元音重疊構詞 (Ca- reduplication)；(2) *mu-「趨向動詞」；(3) *maka- 和／或 *paka-：「潛在動詞」vs.「能力動詞」；(4) 表「剛剛完成的事件」專用的結構 (“recent perfective construction”)。筆者並且根據這些特徵在這兩群語言分布上的差異來探討是否需要將某些形式重建至原始南島語 (Proto-Austronesian) 或是否需要修正某些目前已被重建的形式。

This paper explores morphosyntactic differences between Formosan and Philippine languages. Four of the less widely recognized morphosyntactic features are included in the discussion, including: (a) Ca- reduplication; (b) *mu- ‘motion’(Blust 2003b); (c) *maka- and/or *paka-: ‘potentive’ vs. ‘abilitative’; (d) the “recent perfective” construction. On the distributional differences of these features, I discuss whether it is necessary to reconstruct certain forms at the PAN level and/or whether some of the formerly proposed reconstructions should be revised.