嘎嘎塘藏語的咽化元音與其來源

Pharyngealised Vowels in Gagatang Tibetan and Their Origin

嘎嘎塘藏語分布在雲南省迪慶州維西縣攀天閣鄉西南部，是一個屬於康巴藏語香格里拉次方言維西塔城小組的土話。該藏話元音系統具有非咽化與咽化的對立，其特徵在藏語方言中非常罕見。本文分析嘎嘎塘藏語勺洛話的元音系統，並且通過與藏文之對比，探討其咽化元音的來源。分析結果顯示，咽化元音主要來源於藏文含r 的大部分聲母、以及雙音節詞的單音節化。咽化元音與維西塔城話、永春話等土話中的兒化（捲舌化）元音對應；此外，這樣的語音發展方向與納西語語音演變相通。

Gagatang Tibetan is spoken in the southwestern part of Pantiange Village, Weixi Lisu Autonomous County, Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in northwestern Yunnan. This dialect, which belongs to the Melung subgroup of the Sems-kyi-nyila dialectal group of Khams Tibetan, possesses an idiosyncratic phonological feature, i.e. the pharyngealized vowel. This paper aims to provide a sketch of the vocalism of Gagatang Tibetan (Zhollam vernacular) and a short history of the pharyngealized vowel from the viewpoint of Tibetan dialectology. The analysis shows that the pharyngealized vowel originated mostly from examples of Written Tibetan r as a main initial and a glide, and the abridged form of a historically disyllabic word. The pharyngealized vowel can correspond to the rhotacized (retroflex) one in other vernaculars of the Melung subgroup, and such a sound development is also similar to the case in Naxi.