1200 個中文雙字詞的聯想常模與其被 聯想反應參照表

Word Association Norms and Associated Responses: Reference Index for 1200 Two-Character Chinese Words

字詞聯想是探索人類知識結構重要的工具之一，已被應用在教育、臨床、消費等研究領域，因此 建立一個含有大量刺激辭彙的聯想常模有學術與應用面的意義。過去國內的聯想常模多針對特定 類別的詞彙編製，缺乏含大量一般中文詞的聯想常模，故本研究將建立含大量一般中文詞的聯想 與被聯想反應參照表。預備性研究請30 位參與者評定高／低頻各900 個雙字詞的7 點心像度。 刪除心像評定結果標準差過大的詞彙後，從高／低頻詞中各挑選出200 個高／中／低心像程度共 1200 個詞彙作為正式研究的刺激，另使104 位參與者評定其情緒價性以便後續研究者使用。正式 研究共1200 個參與者進行實驗。每位參與者只對其中200 個刺激詞彙進行反應，因此每個刺激 詞彙可得200 個聯想反應，依此建立聯想常模並分析出每個刺激詞彙的聯想反應共通性、各別性、 與詞彙的被聯想反應參照表。本研究發現，低頻詞的聯想反應較高頻詞集中；心像程度愈高參與 者的聯想反應愈一致。本研究產生的常模可幫助後續研究者更嚴謹地探索中文語義網路結構與操 弄實驗。

The word association task is one of the most important techniques to explore knowledge structures in human beings. It has been applied to the educational， clinical， and business research areas. Thus， establishing a comprehensive association norm that contains enough staple words as stimuli is a necessity. However， only a few association norms were established in Chinese， and these norms were often only prepared for words of particular categories. Hence， the goal of the present study was to establish a larger Chinese association norm covering more stimulated words. In the preliminary experiment， 30 subjects were asked to rate the level of abstraction of 900 frequent and 900 infrequent Chinese words with a 7-point scale. After deleting the words with large variability in abstraction ratings， there were 1800 Chinese words remaining. From this pool， 200 words from each combination of high/medium/low abstraction levels and frequent/infrequent words (six combinations in total) were chosen， resulting in a total of 1200 words chosen as word stimuli in the formal study. We also asked 104 subjects to rate the valence degree on these word stimuli in order to let follow-up researchers select the stimulus from the norm reported by the present study. In the formal study， 1200 subjects were recruited， and each performed a free association task with only 200 words among the word stimuli. An average of 200 responses were collected for each cue. Commonality， idiosyncratic index， and associated reference index of each stimulus word were analyzed. The result showed that commonality of low frequency or high abstraction words was higher than the commonality of high frequency or low abstraction words. It further indicated that low frequency or high abstraction words yielded more consistent and convergent associative responses. The association norms from our study could help future researchers explore the Chinese semantic network and manipulate experimental stimuli more carefully.