時間的經過是一種運動

TIME PASSING IS MOTION

在此篇文章中我們將檢驗 “時間是空間” 這個隱喻。余（1998）在中英文語料的基礎上主張這是各語言通用的隱喻。我們研究側重於隱喻的一個特定層面：即 “時間的經過是一種運動”。我們主張來源領域中的 “運動” 及空間兩個領域必須清楚區分。這個區分可以解決過去 “時間是運動” 隱喻的傳統分析在中文和英文中不可避免的矛盾現象，我們同時也指出在 “時間是內風景中的動點” 這個特例中，說話者自我必須隨動點移動，且若動詞為完成位移動詞時，自我必須是複數，而動詞為動作動詞時則無此限制。最後，在 “時間是動體” 的特例中，自我的面向是一個從屬的概念，在不同語言中和語言變異時會有所不同。

In this paper, we focus on a specific instantiation of the conceptual metaphor TIME IS SPACE, which is argued by Yu (1998) to be a universal metaphor on the basis of data from Mandarin and English. We examine the instantiation TIME PASSING IS MOTION. We point out that the source domains of MOTION and SPACE must be clearly differentiated. Once these two domains are differentiated, the inconsistencies in what is traditionally called the TIME IS MOTION metaphor disappear for both English and Chinese. We also demonstrate that where TIME IS A MOVING POINT OVER A LANDSCAPE, the ego is attached to this point and must be plural when the verb is an achievement verb of movement, but may be singular when the verb is an activity verb of movement. Lastly, we conclude that when TIME IS A MOVING ENTITY the orientation of the ego is a conceptual subsidiary that can be parameterized by different languages, as well as by language change and variation.