消費者對基因改造有機品之接受度：日本、挪威、台灣與美國之調查結果

Consumer Acceptance of GMO: Survey Results from Japan, Norway, Taiwan, and the United States

本篇文章的目的是評估日本、挪威、台灣與美國消費者，對基因改造（ genetically modified ，GM） 食品的願付金額（ willingness to pay ，WTP）。這些國家對GM 食品的態度與認知程度有顯著的差異。相較於挪威人、日本人與台灣人，美國人消費GM 食品的意願較高。由四個國家的調查結果發現，大多數的受訪者支持GM 食品需有強制性之說明。而美國、日本、挪威與台灣的學生分別願意支付50-62％、33-40％、55-69％與17-21％的額外費用，以購買非GM 植物油。此外，為避免GM 替代品的WTP 評估結果顯示，對於挪威消費者而言，平均對GM 大豆沙拉油、餵食GM 飼料之鮭魚與GM 鮭魚等產品之需求價格，分別要比傳統的替代品低55％、54％與67％。

The objective of this paper is to estimate the consumer willingnessto pay (WTP) for genetically modified (GM) foods in Japan, Norway,Taiwan, and the U.S. There are notable differences in the attitudes andperception of GM foods across countries. Americans are more willing toconsume GM foods than Norwegians, Japanese and Taiwanese. Amajority of respondents in all surveys supports mandatory labeling ofGM foods. The students in the U.S., Japan, Norway, and Taiwan arewilling to pay premiums of 50-62%, 33-40%, 55-69%, and 17-21%,respectively, for non-GM vegetable oil. The WTP values for avoiding theGM alternatives indicate that the average Norwegian consumerdemands price reductions of 55%, 54%, and 67% for GM soybean oil,GM-fed salmon, and GM salmon as compared with the conventionalalternatives.