排灣語的名物化

On Nominalizations in Paiwan

本篇文章主要是探討排灣語的「名物化」。就「結果名詞」的產生而言，有證據顯示可分為在「詞彙層次」衍生和在「句法層次」衍生兩種不同的名物化。這兩種「結果名詞」，在句法行為和語意行為上，都與「無中心語關係子句」和「內附中心語關係子句」有所不同。排灣語類的語言之所以有「句法層次」的「名物化」，可能是因為這類的「名物化」對「詞幹」和「焦點標記」有共存限制的要求。這樣的語料和分析，將對Chomsky（1995）所提出的“不允許「詞綴」在「句法層次」依附＂的主張造成問題。

Paiwan exhibits two kinds of nominalization yielding result nouns: the first takes place at the morphological level, the second at the syntactic. Both types of nominal should be distinguished from headless relatives or internally-headed relatives in Paiwan. That the nominalization of result nouns takes place at the syntactic level in languages like Paiwan may be due to the fact that focus/voice markers are required in this kind of nominalization. If so, this would appear to be problematic for Chomsky’s (1995) claim that verbal affixation does not occur at the S-Structure.