英文的衝擊接觸動詞及其對應的中文詞語

Verbs of Contact by Impact in English and Their Equivalents in Mandarin Chinese

本文探討英文的 “衝擊接觸” 動詞，提出接觸、動作、動力、肢體、聲源、頻率與器具等語義成分是這類動詞的隱性的內涵屬性。這類動詞所對應的中文詞語從英漢字典中收集排比，有些是單純詞素，大多是多音節的複合詞或詞組。在複合詞和詞組的語義、構詞與語法結構㆗，英文隱性的成分具體以名詞顯示肢體或器具，以副詞顯示頻率。中文對應詞的語法結構有詳細的分析和討論。從中英兩種語言的比較可以看出同一概念有的語言辭彙化成詞，有的語言沒有辭彙化。這種差異對建構雙語詞網是一項挑戰。同時，從“打” 字的多處出現與搭配，我們提出 “詞族” 是理解漢語語義關係與詞網的重要概念。

This paper explores semantic components of English Verbs of Contact by impact and identifies Contact, Motion, Force, Body Part, Sound Source, Frequency, and Instrument as conflated sense attributes of these verbs. The Mandarin Chinese equivalents of these verbs were collected from English-Chinese dictionaries. Some Chinese equivalents are monomorphemic words while many others are polymorphemic compounds and phrases. The semantic, morphological, and syntactic organizations of the Chinese equivalents show that many of the conflated semantic components in English are realized explicitly as nouns for Body Part or Instrument and as adverbs for Frequency. The formalized syntactic constructions of the Chinese equivalents are illustrated and discussed. The comparison of the two languages shows that some concepts are lexicalized in both languages and others are lexicalized in one or the other. Such a difference in lexicalized items is a challenge to the construction of bilingual word networks. In addition, from the prevalent appearance of the Chinese word da in the sense of hitting, the concept of “word family” is proposed as an important element in understanding semantic relations and in building word networks in Chinese.