探索台灣閩南語 ‘choe3 做’ 的多重功能兼論詞匯意義和結構意義的互動

Exploring Multiple Functions of Choe3 做 and its Interaction with Constructional Meanings in Taiwanese Southern Min

台灣閩南語多義詞 ‘choe3 做’ 的多重功能，在其出現的結構中表現得最為顯著。實詞 ‘做’ 充當動詞使用，虛詞 ‘做’ 當介詞或連接詞使用。‘做’ 作為動詞，可以是單賓動詞、連繫動詞、雙賓動詞、不及物動詞，出現於一系列的語法結構中。就語義區分而言，‘做’ 有「製作」動詞、「行事」動詞、「連繫」動詞、「給予」動詞及形成副詞的類前綴等用法。約言之，我們可以看出 ‘做’ 有一系列並存的詞彙和語法功能，這些功能是 ‘做’ 和結構互動的結果。

Choe3 做as a polysemous word in Taiwanese Southern Min (TSM) has multiple functions manifested most clearly in the constructions in which it occurs. As a lexeme or a content word it can be used as a verb. As a grammatical morpheme or a function word it serves as both a preposition and a conjunction. Choe3 做can be monotransitive, intensive, ditransitive, or intransitive in its capacity as a verb participating in a host of grammatical constructions. In terms of semantic distinction, it can function as a ‘make’ verb, a ‘do’ verb, a ‘be’ verb, and a ‘give’ verb, as well as a prefix-like element in forming adverbs. In sum, one can never fail to see the coëxistence of a range of functions of choe3 做, both lexical and grammatical, as a result of its interaction with constructions.