雅美語的名物化

Nominalization in Yami

台灣南島語和菲律賓語均可見動詞和名物化同形的現象，甚至有假設認為南島語的動詞是從名物化衍生而來的。然而若欲瞭解焦點系統之演化過程，必須對南島語名物化現象做出正確的描述，因此本文提供雅美語名物化的資料。為促進語言類型之比較並對焦點系統由來提出一些想法，本文從三方面討論雅美語名物化問題：（一）詞語名物化，（二）句子名物化，（三）名詞和動詞的區分。結果顯示詞語名物化與焦點詞綴相似，句子名物化中不含由詞彙衍生之名詞，動詞和名物化如果與附加代名詞連接，則無法區分其差異，但如果及物動詞的主事者代名詞移到句首，則可明顯看出其動詞性。

In the Philippine and Formosan languages, the morphemes that occur in indicative verb forms are also used in nominalization, as has already been pointed out by others. Some have even hypothesized that these indicative verb forms were derived by nominalization. However, the relationship between nominalization and the evolution of the focus system cannot be fully understood without complete descriptions of nominalization throughout Austronesia. This paper contributes to that end by providing data from Yami, a Philippine language spoken on Orchid Island, sixty-five kilometers southeast of Taiwan. Three topics in Yami were analyzed to facilitate typological comparisons and enhance explanations of the evolution of the focus system from nominalization: 1) the processes of noun formation from different lexical categories, 2) the structure and function of clausal nominalization, and 3) the distinction of nominalization from indicative verb forms. The results show that lexical nominalization in Yami can be divided into participant and action nominalizations. The process of participant nominalization resembles focus-marking morphological processes. Clausal nominalizations have no lexically derived noun. There is no clear division between indicative verbs and nominalization when the enclitic pronoun is in the genitive case. However, movement of the pronominal A to the beginning of the sentence further differentiates indicative verbs from nominalization.