巴宰語的名物化

Nominalization in Pazih

巴宰語由名詞轉變成動詞是很常見的詞類變化，但是由動詞轉變成名詞（名物化）卻是很少見的。根據作者跟土田滋教授合編的《巴宰語詞典》所呈現的巴宰語言資料，由名詞轉變成動詞的詞綴超過二十種，而名物化的詞綴卻僅有這五種：a(i)-...-an, ka- ~ kaa-, ta-, sa- ~ saa- 及 -an。況且其中兩種 (sa-~ saa- 和 -an)，卻同時兼有表示動詞焦點的功能（分別表示工具焦點與處所焦點）。因此，純從構詞學是無法判斷一種詞形是動詞還是名詞，我們必須從句法結構上去觀察才能確定它有沒有名物化。語法分詞a 出現在名詞或動詞之前，因此本文也討論它的語法功能。此外，本文也談到如何區辨關係子句結構與名物化結構的問題。

In Pazih, verbalization is much more productive than nominalization. We found only a few noun-deriving affixes: a(i)-...-an, ka- ~ kaa-, ta-, sa- ~ saa- and -an. The last two affixes are also found on focused verbs and indicate IF and LF respectively. Thus morphology alone does not tell whether a certain form is a noun or a verb. We have to resort to syntactic evidence to determine whether nominalization has taken place. The particle a may occur before a noun or verb, so its grammatical functions are discussed. The problem of the distinction between relative constructions and nominalized constructions is also touched upon.