補語句存疑：功能語法分析

Doubts About Complementation: A Functionalist Analysis

中文的補語句是個高度 “混雜” 的句構，好幾個互不相屬的句式組成，其中的主要動詞各有其特色，很難有抽象的共通結構。補語句也是個 “語法化” 中的句構，少數幾個動詞與其主詞結合成形式固定表示知識或道德判斷的套語，顯示主要動詞已經成為附加成分。這也可從會話中雙方的社會行為獲得佐證。最後，本文指出中文似正在發展出 dedicto/de re（針對語言／針對世界）的兩種補語句。

The complementation construction in Chinese, like other grammatical constructions, is shown to be highly heterogeneous, and dominated by a number of lexically specific syntactic patterns and schemas. The construction is also shown to be on a grammaticization path, with mental predicates and their subjects having been largely grammaticized as epistemic or deontic formulas or as lexicalized prefabs. In terms of social actions, parties to a conversation in a data base are shown to consistently perform actions with their turns oriented toward the complement clauses, rather than to the matrix clauses. This is demonstrated by looking at adjacency pairs (rather than isolated sentences) and observing what the participants are trying to do. Finally, based on the distribution pattern of the linker morpheme shuo, an important distinction is seen emerging in spoken Chinese between de dicto and de re complements, with the former marked by the linker shuo, and the latter by its absence.