國際情資交換與跨國犯罪偵防

The International Intelligence Exchange for Investigation and Prevention of Transnational Crime

在全球化浪潮衝擊下，許多國家採取自由開放措施，排除阻礙金融、貨物、人員、資訊流通的藩籬。值此同時，科技的創新與精進，尤其是網際網路及通訊科技，更增進國境的穿透性與跨境連結。根據官方及非政府組織所公佈的資料，與台灣有關的跨國犯罪問題日益增多，不僅衍生重大的經濟損失，更造成人身安全及人權的侵害。文獻顯示，跨國犯罪案件類型多樣且造成嚴重的社會問題，諸如跨國詐欺、毒品販運、人口販運、洗錢等。由於此種犯罪跨越國境，犯罪活動隱密且複雜，導致破案率降低，以及被害者對於刑事司法體系的低滿意度。跨國犯罪的巨大損害及低破案率等現象，正凸顯國際情資交換對於跨國犯罪偵防的重要性。本文的目的在於探討國際執法合作的情資交換機制，除分別討論全球性執法合作組織、區域性執法合作組織、駐外聯絡官等模式的情資交換機制外，並進一步分析其運作問題及提出建議解決之道。

Under the impact of globalization, the movement of money, goods, people and information across borders became more prevalent. At the same time, dramatic advances in technology, notably in the internet and communications technologies, heightened cross-border linkages and made national frontiers seem more permeable than ever. According to the data revealed by government and non-government organizations, transnational crimes have increased significantly in Taiwan. Transnational crimes not only create serious economic cost, but also lead to substantial harm on social security and the human rights. Literature reveals that there are diverse types of transnational crimes, such as transnational fraud, drug trafficking, human trafficking, money laundering and so on. Besides, the damage of transnational crime is enormous. Since this type of crime across border and such criminal activities are occult and sophisticated so that results in low clearance rate. Victims of transnational crimes usually express low satisfaction with criminal justice system. Transnational crime produces tremendous damage and leads to low clearance rate, therefore, the international intelligence exchange for detecting and preventing transnational crime is obviously important. The purpose of this article is to explore the operation and challenges of international intelligence exchange systems, such as global, regional and bilateral law enforcement cooperation system. Finally, this paper also provides clues for law enforcement on how to enhance the quality of intelligence exchange.