法醫解剖鑑定之前瞻性及趨勢談法醫分子病理的運用

The perspectiveness and tendency of forensic autopsy About applications of forensic molecular pathology

法醫病理學廣泛運用分子病理學之診斷方法與技術，為法醫解剖鑑定重要發展趨勢之一。相較於傳統組織或細胞病理常規進行之蘇木紫-伊紅染色與特殊染色僅提供病理切片或細胞抹片之形態學上病理變化，分子病理學，包括免疫組織化學染色、原位雜交染色及免疫螢光染色等診斷方法與技術，可呈現分子層級，包括蛋白質、核酸、基因層級之病理變化與證據，供執行法醫解剖之法醫病理專科醫師診斷與判定死亡原因，可大幅提昇病理診斷的敏感度與精確度。法務部法醫研究所已於102年起，執行「建構國家級法醫分子病理暨微生物鑑識軸心實驗室」科技計畫，逐年發展分子病理診斷方法與技術，並已大量實際應用於法醫解剖案件之死亡偵查。持續發展法醫分子病理診斷方法與技術，擴大應用範圍，乃解決司法重大、困難、具爭議性、或亟需鑑別診斷案件之不二法門。

To utilize the diagnostic methods and techniques of molecular pathology is one of the most important tendency of forensic pathology. Routine hemotoxlylin-eosin stains and special stains in traditional histopathology or cytopathology only show the morphological pathological changes on tissue or smear slides. Molecular pathology, including immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence, can demonstrate the pathological changes and evidences of molecular levels, including protein, nucleic acid and gene levels. It assits forensic pathologists a lot to investigate death and to make diagnosis of cause of death, increasing sensitivity and specificity. Institute of Forensic Medicine, Ministry of Justice had performed the program 'To establish national forensic molecular pathology and microbial forensics laboratory' since 2013, and developed the diagnostic methods and techniques of molecular pathology year by year, applying in forensic autopsy cases.