私有地主參與造林獎勵政策之決策行為分析

A Study on Afforestation Program Participation Behavior of Private Landowners in Taiwan

平地景觀造林政策自2001 年8 月31 日經行政院核定實施，由2002 年1 月1 日開始執行，政策執行至2007 年12 月31 日結束。平地景觀造林之政策美意頗受好評，但在實際執行過程中仍有許多困難，如專業造林技術不足、私有地主參與意願不高、獎勵金不足等，皆為未來繼續推動造林政策之隱憂。本研究選擇屏東縣為抽樣地區，從參加平地景觀造林與未參加平地景觀造林農民的樣本中，分析私有地主對於獎勵造林政策之看法，以及地主實際參加與否與農地及地主特性之關聯性，以了解平地景觀造林政策對於個人選擇造林之決策的誘因效果。影響私有地主參與造林政策機率之可能因素包括地主特性、農地特性與政策因素。根據本研究之結果顯示，在地主特性中，地主之年紀與家庭年所得與參與機率有顯著正相關，與教育程度有顯著負相關，即較年長、家庭所得較高、教育程度較低之地主，其參加機率較高；在農地特性中，參與造林政策機率與農地面積有顯著正相關，與農地價格及農地坵塊數有顯著負相關，顯示農地面積較大之地主，價格較低之農地，以及農地坵塊數較少之地主，參加平地景觀造林政策之機率較高。現在政府實施類似的綠色造林政策，目前尚無文獻對於現行綠色造林政策進行成效分析，然根據本研究實地瞭解與訪談得知，在高額造林獎勵金之下，休耕農地推動此政策仍有所困難，農民對於政策仍持續觀望與質疑。本研究與前人文獻不同處在於問卷分析對象為實際上已參加與未參加平地景觀造林政策之農地地主，而非調查未參加地主造林意願高低，因此更能瞭解其已參加平地景觀造林政策地主之影響決策因素與政策誘因效果，在實證結果上期能提供我國政府目前推動綠色造林政策之參考。

To response the Kyoto Protocol, the Plain Landscape AfforestationProgram (PLAP) was certified by Executive Yuan in Taiwan on Aug. 31,2001 and has been implementing for six years since Jan. 1, 2002.Although the PLAP has received a lot of positive comments, still, thereare many difficulties during the process of implementation, such asinsufficient technology for afforestation, private landowners' lowinterests in participating in PLAP, insufficient subsidies, and so on, whichare potential threats that hinder the PLAP from moving forward in future.In this paper, selecting Ping-Tung County in Taiwan as a sample regionand targeting those private landowners with and without intention toparticipate in the PLAP, respectively, we conduct an empirical analysisbased on the Logit model to investigate the factors that determinewhether those private landowners join the PLAP, so as to realize theincentive effects of the PLAP upon the personal decision on afforestation.The possible factors that might determine private landowner’sparticipation in the PLAP include landowner’s characteristics, croplandcharacteristics, as well as policy factors. Among them, the policy factorsinclude afforestation subsidy amount, duration of afforestation subsidy,the rules on adjoining and adjacent areas, and so on, which do not reachthe remarkable level in statistics though, but the directions of variable signs are consistent with the intuition behind the policy. As for thelandowners' characteristics, each of age, education level, and annualhousehold income variables reaches 5% of the remarkable level instatistics; as for the cropland characteristics, each of cropland area,cropland price, and the number of cropland parcels reaches 5% of theremarkable level in statistics. In light of the above, the croplandcharacteristics are the dominate factor that determines the probability oflandowner’s participation in the PLAP. The empirical result of this paperexpects to help the implementation of the afforestation programs inTaiwan.