明代坊刻古籍版畫－－以《列女傳》版本為例

Editions of Biographies of Women as Examples of Printed Illustrations from the Ming Dynasty

1600年前後在徽州與金陵間刊刻的《列女傳》三種坊刻本均附有插圖，出於這一原因，它們為理解明末江南刻書世界和版畫生產提供了很好的範例。這些書包括16世紀80年代後期金陵對溪書坊唐富春所刻的《新鐫增補全像評林古列女傳》、1606年前後同樣刻於金陵（或者是徽州）的《古列女傳》、17世紀初由貞誠堂刊刻的一部插圖增補本，而貞誠堂可能是位於徽州的。本文將不會窮盡心力於這些刊本的目錄學研究，而是將精力集中於刻印圖像及其特點上，試圖理解這些版畫對它們的概念、生產和接受做出了何種解釋。另外，明代的這些作品並非孤立的事例：它們構成了一項出色的、更為宏大的繪圖生產的組成部分，而這些版畫是獻諸於繪像圖說女範編、列女傳的，而得益於家刻的努力，這項工作在清代仍得以繼續。清代有兩種刊本是出類拔萃的，它們重刻了早前的插圖本並且都被收錄在重要的叢書之中：《繪圖列女傳》重印版，收錄於《知不足齋叢書》，18世紀末由鮑廷博（1712-1814）所印；《新刊古列女傳》，由阮福（1802-？）重輯並收錄於《文選樓叢書》（約1825）。

Three commercial editions of Lienü zhuan (Biographies of Women) printed between Huizhou 徽州 and Nanjing 南京 around the year 1600 are illustrated: they offer good examples for understanding the publishing world and the xylographic production of illustrations in Jiangnan 江南 at the end of the Ming dynasty. These books are the Xinjuan zengbu quanxiang pingling gu Lienü zhuan 新鐫增補全像評林古列女傳 printed by Tang Fuchun 唐富春 in Nanjing, in the late 1580s; the Gu Lienü zhuan 古列女傳 published around 1606 also in Nanjing (and/or Huizhou); and an illustrated and enlarged version made at the beginning of the 17th century by the Zhencheng Tang 貞誠堂, probably in Huizhou. This article does not attempt an exhaustive bibliographic study of these editions, but concentrates on their printed images and the characteristics of those images, trying to understand what these woodcuts can explain about their conception, production and reception. Moreover, these Ming dynasty works are not isolated examples: they constitute elements of a wider production of images dedicated to the histories of exemplary women in narrative painting and printed illustration, that will continue into the Qing. This article also focuses on two important editions of the last dynasty, which are reproductions of older illustrated versions. They are both included in very important collections: the Huitu Lienü zhuan繪圖列女傳, a reprint included in Zhibuzu zhai congshu 知不足齋叢書 by Bao Tingbo 鮑廷博(1728-1814) at the end of the 18th century; and the Xinkan gu Lienü zhuan 新刊古列女傳 edited by Ruan Fu 阮福 (1802-?) and included in Wenxuan lou congshu 文選樓叢書(ca. 1825).