臺灣大牛欄、關廟方言特殊方音的語體轉移與口音流動

Style-shifting and Accent Mobility in the Toa-gu-tiau and Kuan-bio Dialects of Taiwan

本文探討大牛欄、關廟方言特殊方音的語體轉移與口音流動，並從語言因素及社會因素分析其影響機制。Labov與Trudgill的研究顯示，越小心正式的語體、使用地方口語的比例越低，而本文的研究結果補充修正上述的研究假設。我們的研究發現，特殊方音的語體轉移與口音流動受到語言因素及社會因素的影響，如果是社群居民容易區別又具有負面社會評價的方音，的確會有明顯的語體轉移及口音流動；反之則不然。此外，大牛欄方言僅出現「向上聚合」的口音流動；關廟方言則有「向上聚合」及「向下背離」的口音流動。我們運用語言遷就理論及語族活力理論，剖析大牛欄及關廟方言口音流動類型的差異。

This study explores the linguistic and social factors involved in styleshifting and accent mobility within Toa-gu-tiau 大牛欄 and Kuan-bio 關廟 dialects. According to Labov and Trudgill, the more carefully and formally a language is used, the lower its frequency of dialectal variation will be. Their claim is partially supported by the results of our research, which show that style shifting and accent mobility occur only if speakers can differentiate the sound undergoing changes from that of the other dominant dialect or language triggering changes, or if a particular dialectal pronunciation is subject to negative social evaluation by the community. With respect to accent mobility, Toa-gu-tiau dialect is observed to have upward accent convergence, while Kuan-bio dialect has both upward accent convergence and downward divergence. Differences between the two dialects are explained in terms of accommodation theory and ethnolinguistic theory.