「詩有可解、不可解、不必解」－－《四溟詩話》的傳釋觀念

“There Are Poems That Can Be Explained, That Cannot Be Explained, and That Need Not Be Explained”: The Issue of Hermeneutics in Xie Zhen’s Siming Shihua

本文重新解讀謝榛（1495～1575)《四溟詩話》，就歷來引起不少有關解詩的（不）可能性的爭議的名句「詩有可解、不可解、不必解」作另一角度的省思。文中嘗試引入現代傳釋學和「世界」、「作者」、「文本」及「讀者」的四分環觀念，並將「不可解、不必解」說置於中國詩學的「言不盡意」傳統中闡釋，再進一步將之連繫到四分環作為傳釋循環等課題之上。有關言意和「不可解、不必解」說的論述亦可說是朝向建立傳統中國傳釋理論架構的芻議。

This paper reinterprets Xie Zhen’s 謝榛 famous line in his Siming Shihua 四溟詩話 (Siming Poetry-Talk): “There are poems that can be explained, that cannot be explained, and that need not be explained.” Xie’s saying has brought forth rigorous discussion about the (im)possibility of reading poetry, and critics hold rather divergent views on his point. This paper tries to reexamine the issue in the light of modern hermeneutics and the tetradic circle of world, author, text and reader. It argues that Xie’s saying has to be interpreted in the context of the concept of “significance beyond language” in traditional Chinese poetics, which involves a more comprehensive consideration of the tetradic circle as a hermeneutic circle. This reconsideration can be seen as a prolegomenon of traditional Chinese hermeneutics.