各自語、互相語及其範圍語：回指語的詞匯及結構之間的語意特徵及呼應

Segregatories and Reciprocals and their Scopes: Interfacing Constructions in Short-term Memory with Long-term Memory through their Semantic Features

本文討論台語和華語裡各自語、互相語及其範圍語三種語詞間的語意和語法關係，包括同義語間不同的記憶方式、語法功能、和風格效果。結論指出：台語的同義語繁多固然起因於語言接觸，但是同義語的活存應歸因於各有風格功能，更應歸因於人腦結構：（1）簡單而明確的語意標誌+I,-I,m-s,m+s,SCP，掌握長程、短程記憶間的介面，以投射原則處理動作範疇內回指代詞和回指動作介面，句範疇內連結回指動作和被回指的動作參與人的範圍及領域；（2）人腦除了有規律的句法投射以外還有詞匯、詞法、慣用語型等模組處理不合一般句法投射原則的語詞，有效地特列記憶、捷徑認知；（3）表語法關係的虛詞可以省略、增多、或替換，各有其修辭效果，但是都受句法範疇管轄；（4）台語的語言現象都遵守這三項語言共性，只是因為有一些有利條件提供較多不同的實況特異性，可多方進行語言內外比較，而探討、印證人類共性的擬構。

This paper discusses the semantic and syntactic relationships among Respectives and Reciprocals and their Scopes in Taiwanese and Mandarin. Also discussed are three memory types for anaphoric expressions, with their grammatical functions and stylistic effects in short term memory. Through examining the syntactic structure and co-occurrence constraints among the synonyms of new and old language layers, of different degrees of abstraction, and of equivalents between Taiwanese, Mandarin, Japanese and English, this paper discusses the stylistic principle for selection among synonyms, similarities across languages, and the direction of language change. The description confirms the view that the abundance of synonyms in Taiwanese has resulted from a high degree of language contact and multi-lingualism, while the retention of them can be attributed to different stylistic functions among the synonyms and the brain structure of the multi-linguals. 1) The brain uses simple and effective semantic features +I, -I, m-s, m+s, Scope that mark the anaphoric expressions in the long and short term memory and are projected across layers of syntactic categories. 2) The brain stores frequently used patterns and lexical entries in their respective modules as shortcuts for memory and cognition. 3) In forming an idiomatic pattern, function words showing grammatical relations can be deleted, replaced or added each with differing stylistic effect.