漢語複合動詞的「使動與起動交替」

The Causative-Inchoative Alternation in Chinese Compound Verbs

漢語裡有些動詞，可以不改變語音形態，而表示使動及物與起動不及物兩種用法。這種動詞叫做「作格動詞」，並在語意結構上含有「意圖」（DO或ACT）、「使動」（CAUSE 或CONTROL）、「起動」（INCH 或BECOME）與「狀態」（BE）等語意述語。本文針對漢語的八類述補式複合動詞，探討其「論元結構」、「詞彙概念結構」、複合動詞的合成過程、以及從詞彙概念結構到句法結構的「映射」與「連繫規律」，以便從中發現哪一類漢語述補式複合動詞可以有使動及物與起動不及物的兩種用法。結果，發現八類述補式複合動詞中，只有三類具有特定詞彙概念結構的複合動詞可以兼有使動及物與起動不及物兩種用法，而其他五類則只有使動及物或起動不及物用法。

This paper discusses the Chinese compound verbs which can function as both causative-transitive verbs and inchoative-intransitive verbs by investigating their argument structures, lexical conceptual structures, compounding process, syntactic mappings, and linking rules. Altogether, eight types of Chinese predicate-complement compound verbs have been investigated, and only three of them with specific lexical conceptual structures are found to manifest causative-inchoative alternations. While the others can only function as transitive or intransitive verbs.