大數據發展趨勢以及在犯罪防治領域之應用

The developmental Tendency of Big Data and the Application in the field of Crime Prevention and Fighting Strategies

大數據的發展不僅代表巨量數據、資訊先進技術、龐大商機，它更是一套解決問題、改造世界、探索未來的新穎觀念與科學應用的有效方法。大數據是一套系統化、標準化及科學化的複雜概念，含括商業與管理的專業，需具備電腦儲存的位元組概念，以及網路應用、系統管理等專業知識，具有巨量性、即時性、多樣性、變異性、不確定性與複雜性的特徵。2012年由美國政府開啟「大數據研究與發展計畫」被視為進入大數據時代最具指標性事件，歐盟各國陸續開放政府資料，2012年聯合國發布大數據報告，掀起全球研究和應用熱潮。加速大數據應用，絕對是現階段臺灣科技發展重要策略，期許政府未來透過大數據應用，精準計算民眾需求與前瞻施政，提升行政效能。大數據應用領域跨足金融管理、零售通路、疾病預防、醫療保健、節約能源、交通運輸、人文教育等技術，甚至可擴及救災及人道求援等社會層面。就犯罪防治研究的學術領域而言，未來大數據應用將日益深化，目前利用大數據資料分析臺灣犯罪之現況，以監測社會犯罪事件發生現況，即時發現高風險犯罪人口特徵、犯罪的模式，以及提供即時的相關措施與對策來防制，並減少犯罪事件及民眾被害的可能性。最後，因此，隨著大數據年代的風起雲湧，引領另一波資訊權的革命、創新之際，我們必須審慎思維，正視可能產生的潛藏危機，包括：傳統專家權威的勢微、大數據人才培育缺口、個人隱私權侵害、網路犯罪問題與國家安全危害等議題產生。另外在犯罪防治領域的未來研究，我們更加體驗在數據爆發增長的年代，如何善用現存數據的重要性，如何強化各項軟硬體的數據截取與分析能力、提升研究人員在數據應用領域的相關訓練，提高大型資料的獲取、處理及分析能力，使得犯罪防治研究工作能儘快與新的科技接軌，讓研究更為精確、更具預見性及全面性，以保持研究的前端領先。

This article aims to offer a comprehensive picture of big data development and the application in the field of crime prevention and fighting strategies. Big data not only represents the technology of mega data, advanced information and great business interest, it also reveals a new idea and effective method for problem solution, world change, future exploration and scientific application. Big data is a systematic, standard and scientific concept combining the profession of business and management with the characters of computer storage and internet application. The characteristics of big data include volume, velocity, variety, variability, veracity and complexity. The implementation of Big Data Research and Development Initiative by the USA government in 2012 was regarded as an indicative event into the era of big data. At the same time, the report of big data by UN caused the global research and great concern. The application of big data can be employed at the fields of financial management, retail business, illness prevention, medical care, energy resources, traffic transportation, humane education and so forth. At the field of crime prevention and fighting strategies, the reliance on bid data application is increasingly needed. Big data can been applied in Taiwan crime prevention and fighting strategies in many ways, including supervising the current crime tendencies, discovering high risk crime population and crime profiles, and providing the relative anti-crime strategies. On the other hand, with dramatic development of big data leading to another wave of information innovation, it is reflected that some potential crises could occur, including the a decline of traditional experts' authority, a shortage of experts in the domain of big data, an intrusion of personal privacy, new problem of cyber crime, the issue of national security and so forth. The acceleration of big data application is certainly the crucial strategy of scientific development in Taiwan at this stage. It is hoped that through the application of big data would enhance the governmental efficacy and articulate examining public need.