有害事業廢棄物管理之有效對策－－保證金制度

An Effective Approach for Hazardous Waste Management: Performance Bond System

政府可用以管理有害事業廢棄物的工具有很多種，目前我國「廢棄物清理法」係採用設施標準、操作許可等命令與管制式工具，然而，因為這種政策工具的誘因不足，以及資訊不對稱的問題，使得有害事業廢棄物無法被妥善處理。要改進這個缺失，應於現行管理制度中增加併用保證金制度，這樣不僅可提供適當的經濟誘因，促使廠商妥善處理有害事業廢棄物，亦可提供環保主管機關做好查核工作的動機。在保證金制度的運作流程中，應納入廠商參與式的監督管理機制及資訊公開機制，藉著廠商之間的相互監督及民眾的監督，可避免環保主管機關及廠商的怠惰，使得保證金制度更為健全完善。

There are several approaches which governments can use tomanage hazardous wastes. Currently, the approach used in Taiwan isthe command and control approach which includes facility standards,operation permit system, and many others as promulgated by the WasteDisposal Act. Nevertheless, this management approach has not beenable to ensure that the hazardous wastes are properly treated due to thelack of incentives for firms to do it well and the problem of asymmetricinformation.This paper proposes using the performance bond system for themanagement of hazardous wastes because it can provide firms withneeded incentives to treat the hazardous wastes properly. Furthermore,the performance bond system would also provide the environmentalauthorities with incentives to inspect and monitor more aggressively.Also, it is important to include both the firm participatory mechanismand the information disclosure mechanism in the operation of theperformance bond system. Those two mechanisms would encouragethe firms and the environmental authorities to perform their dutieseffectively and efficiently.