民主政治下的公共哲學：MichaelJ.Sandel的透析

Public Philosophy in Democratic Politics: Michael J. Sandel 's Perspective

本論文旨在透過一條道德與政治的途徑，來闡釋當代社群主義思想家Michael J. Sandel的政治哲學。根據John Rawls所言，建立在政治領域中的憲政秩序必須超然獨立於社會文化的各種不同傳統之外。Sandel以哲學人類學為思維進路，認為人類的本質是變動的，並透過不斷的認知與反思，進而發現了自我之界線。Sandel也指出，憲政主義格局下的程序自由主義已經在美國觸發了民主的不滿。當代自由主義的理論與實踐已經變成一種程序共和制，主要特徵不僅是權利至上與中立國家，也包含社群的腐敗與自治能力的喪失，因此，重塑民主的道德生活成為當下矯治的契機。Sandel共和思想希望以政治社群即國家來培養公民的德性、共同目標以及實質道德內涵的民主精神。

The purpose of this thesis is to explore contemporary communitarian thinker Michael J. Sandel’s political philosophy concerning one that realizes the importance of “moral” and “politics”. According to John Rawls, the constitutional order established in the political domain must be independent from different traditions of social culture. Sandel thinks by a way of philosophical anthropology. By constantly cognizing and reflecting, Sandel discovery the demarcation line of self. Sandel has argued that constitutional, procedural liberalism has arouse “democracy’s discontent” in the state. Sandel’s argument and point out the fact that the theory and practice of contemporary liberalism has practically become a synonym to procedural republic. It is presented not only the ideas of “rights as trumps” and neutral state, but also revealed by the erosion of community and the loss of self-government. Therefore, how to rebuild moral life in modern democratic practices has become an important task for people of our time. Sandelian republicanism stresses the importance of political community as a whole to cultivate civic virtue, common ends and substantial moral contents in political life.