運動選手決策風格與運動焦慮的關係

The Investigation between Decision Making Style and Competition Anxiety

本研究的目的在調查不同運動焦慮程度所具備潛在的一般決策風格，也就是了解當運動選手在面對比賽情境時，不同的「運動競賽焦慮」程度與所使用「決策風格」的差異性。研究對象為148位體育學系所的學生，研究工具包含背景變項、一般決策風格、運動競賽焦慮，利用單因子多變量變異數分析、單因子變異數分析、雪費法事後比較、皮爾森積差相關、平均數等統計方法分析資料。結果發現中程度的運動焦慮的運動選手，具備較佳「理性的」決策風格；但是高焦慮的運動選手會傾向透過「依賴的」、「自發的」與「逃避的」決策風格面對緊張的競賽情境，匆促下決策，進而影響運動成就。因此，運動選手在訓練過程當中，應該積極培養「理性的」決策風格，避免「依賴的」、「自發的」或「逃避的」決策風格的產生。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relations between individual decision making styles and the levels of sport anxiety. In other words, to understand athletes' decision making styles in different levels of sports anxieties during the competitions. There were 148 student-athletes from the Department of Sport Education participated in this study. A questionnaire included demographics, General Decision Making Style (GDMS), and Sport Competition Anxiety Test (SCAT) was used as the research tool. There were several statistical methods used for data analysis, including MANOVA, one way ANOVA, Scheff, Pearson correlation, and means. The results indicated that the student-athletes with moderate sports anxiety have higher tendency toward the Rational decision making style. However, the student-athletes with higher sports anxiety tended to deal with stressful competition situation by the Dependent, Spontaneous and Avoidant decision making styles, and then made a quick decision to influence sport performance. Consequently, student-athletes should develop the ability of the Rational style, and avoid producing the Dependent, Spontaneous and Avoidant styles.