護專學生死亡恐懼，死亡態度及照顧瀕死患者時個人需求與因應行為之探討

Nursing Students Caring for Dying Patients: Their Fears of Death, Death Attitudes, and Individual Needs and Coping Behaviors

護生是未來的準護士，須正視自己對死亡及瀕死的態度，才能在協助瀕死病患時，不會感到焦慮並妨礙協助瀕死病患的歷程。本研究目的有四：1.瞭解護生的死亡態度。2.瞭解護生的死亡恐懼度。3.瞭解互生照顧瀕死病患時的需求與因應行為。4.探討個人因素是否影響死亡態度及死亡恐懼度。本研究係採結構性問卷進行資料收集，以八十一學年度修習＂死亡學＂課程之二專護理科學生240人為對象，資料分析採描述性統計、相關法、單因子變異數分析等。研究結果顯示：1.死亡態度：以接受死亡自然性的態度最高，逃離導向的死亡態度最低。2.死亡恐懼：以恐懼自己瀕死程度最高，恐懼他人瀕死最低。3.照顧瀕死患者時，過半數學生身心會受影響，希望獲得情緒上支持，及增加患者心理照顧之技巧外，大多數互生對過去專業課程所學，及曾在照顧瀕死患者時所獲得之幫助皆表示不滿意。4.個人因素中，年齡、婚姻、排行、宗教信仰、臨床資歷、內外控人格、朋友過世經驗等變相分別對死亡態度及死亡恐懼有影響。建議：重視護生面對「死亡與瀕死」的恐懼與壓力。加強死亡學、死亡諮商及壓力調適、自我肯定...等相關課程。以協助護生面對瀕死患者時能領會，處理自己對死亡的感覺，減低害怕及焦慮。

The purpose of this study was to investigate nursing students: 1. death attitude 2. Fear of death 3. needs and coping behavior when caring for dying patients 4. factors influencing death attitude and fear of death. The subjects of this study were 240 nursing students from two-year program. A structural questionnaire was used. And the data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, correlation and one way ANOVA. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1. Neutral acceptance of death attitude is ranked the highest and the escape oriented death acceptance the lowest. 2. Most nursing students are fearful of their own dying and only a few nursing students are fearful of others dying. 3. More than 50% of nursing students have physical and emotional responses when caring for dying patients. They expect more emotional support from team workers or nursing teachers and more techniques of mental support for patients; Also they are unsatisfied with the professional curricula and situational resources when they are caring for dying patients. 4. The death attitude and fear of the death are influenced by the variances of age, marital status, ranks of sibling, personality traits, and experience of their friends’ deaths.