護理人員與早產兒家屬心理需求之認知差異探討

Differences of Caregivers' Perceived Psychological Needs between the Nurses and the Caregivers of Premature Infants

護理人員除了協助改善病人的健康問題外，亦需關注病人家屬的需求，尤以加護病房為最。新生兒加護病房是早產兒與其父母互動的最初場所，護理人員必須對早產兒父母的需求有所認知，才能減少其日後照顧嬰兒的任務受到干擾；有鑑於此，本描述性研究之目的在探討新生兒加護病房護理人員與早產兒家屬心理需求之認知差異。採用「加護病房病人家屬需求問卷」，經Cronbach's α值為0.95、折半信度（0.73）及專家效度檢測後，於1999年6月1日至8月31日間以立意取樣選取22位住院三天以上的早產兒之家屬，以問卷調查其心理需求獲得的認同程度與項目排序。在同一時間用同一問卷由照顧該早產兒三天以上的護理人員，針對該早產兒家屬的心理需求作答。以SPSS/Window 8.0進行資料分析，將護理人員與家屬心理需求之認知得分作描述性統計，並以Wilcoxon matehed-pairs signed-ranks test針對護理人員與家屬之認知異同分析。結果顯示：家屬認為其心理需求獲得滿足的平均得分為7.15分（10分為非常認同），而護理人員認為家屬之心理需求獲得滿足的平均得分為6.98分。此外，40項心理需求中有36項無差異，亦即早產兒家屬與護理人員之一致性為90％。本研究結果可提供護理人員了解與家屬心理需求認知的異同，作為日後在職教育或護理評估時的參考。

The purpose of this descriptive study was to identify the differences in perceptions of caregivers' psychological needs between the nurses and caregivers of premature infants. Data were collected by a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was completed by the caregivers of premature infants and by the nurses. Forty-four subjects (22 caregivers and 22 nurses) were selected for this study. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test. The mean scores of caregivers and nurses were 7.15 and 6.98 respectively. Significant differences of special needs were identified by caregivers/nurses matched pairs. However, no significant differences were found in total scores between the two groups. The findings of this study could help the nurses to understand the differences in perceptions of caregivers' psychological needs between nurses and the caregivers of premature infants.