五專及職校高年級護生對愛滋病知識、態度及護理意願之探討

AIDS Related Knowledge, Attitudes and Willingness in Caring for Patients Among Senior Nursing Students from a 5-Year Junior College and Vocational Schools

本研究目的是欲探討五專及職校高年級護生對愛滋病知識、態度及行為意向。以三所護理職校及一所五年制護專，共四所高年級的護生1010人，經同意後納為本研究對象。研究工具採結構式問卷，內容包括五部分：愛滋知識、態度、護理意願、愛滋病知識來源及個人基本資料。經調查後，收回有效問卷921份，回收率達91.1%。研究結果顯示：知識部分，傳染途徑題目平均得分4.20（答對率47.0%），高危險群題目平均得分4.16（答對率34.4%）。態度部分，在對病患與帶原者的接受度方面得分率62.3%、接受防護性措施方面得分率為48.2%，大致上護生之態度稍偏負向。未來照顧愛滋病患，20.5%的護生表示願意照顧，71.3%的護生是有條件下才照顧，8.2%的護生則表示任何情況下接拒絕照顧，而護生護理意願愈高在知識得分較高態度較趨正向。願意照顧組，知識得分較其他組高，對愛滋病的態度也較正向，而護生宗教信仰對照顧愛滋病患意願無相關。期望研究結果可提供隊五專及職校護生在愛滋病教育課程內容編輯與態度、行為教導上之參考，並建議學校提供愛滋病錄影帶供護生自我學習，輔導護生有正確之護理信念，以引導負向態度趨向正向。

The present study evaluated AIDS related knowledge, attitudes toward AIDS and willingness in caring for AIDS patients of senior nursing students. One thousand and ten students from three nursing vocational schools and one junior nursing college were randomly selected as the subjects. They were surveyed with questionnaires which were comprised of 5 parts: AIDS knowledge, attitudes toward AIDS patients, willingness to care for AIDS patients, source of AIDS knowledge, and personal data. There were 921 valid questionnaires collected in this study. The results from the AIDS knowledge section, which was divided into three parts, are as follows: (1) the average scores for knowledge of the route of transmission was 4.29 (with a 47.0% correct response ration); (2) 3.40 (with a 56.8% correct response ratio) for knowledge about high risk groups; and (3) 4.16 (with a 34.4% correct response ratio) for the knowledge of general information about the disease. In the attitude toward AIDS section, the score of accepting AIDS patients and HIV carriers was 62.3% of the maximal scores, and the universal precaution was 48.2% of the maximal score. This indicated a slightly negative attitude, by nursing students, toward AIDS patients and HIV carriers. The willingness in caring for AIDS patients and HIV carriers was categorized into three groups: the caring group, the conditional caring group, and the refusal group. The percentages of the distribution of these three groups were 20.5%, 71.3% and 8.2%, respectively. There was a correlation between the score of AIDS knowledge and the positive attitude toward AIDS patients, while there was no correlation between the religious beliefs and willingness to care for patients. The present finding may be used as a reference for the development of AIDS-related curriculum in nursing education. Self-learning video tapes and value learning are recommended to improve attitudes of nursing students toward the acceptance of AIDS patients and HIV carriers.