漢語的「限定子句」與「非限定子句」

Finite and Nonfinite Clauses in Chinese

漢語語法需不需要區別「限定子句」與「非限定子句」？如果需要，那麼區別的標準究竟是什麼？本文擬從漢語語法的兩個句法表現來探討限定子句與非限定子句的區別：（一）能否形成正反問句；（二）能否認可大代號主語。如果述語動詞或形容詞能夠形成正反問句，那麼含有這個述語動詞或形容詞的子句是限定子句；如果述語動詞或形容詞能以不具語音形態的大代號為主語，那麼含有這個述語動詞或形容詞的子句是非限定子句。在探討的過程中，本文討論漢語控制動詞、提升動詞與例外指派格位動詞的補語子句結構與分類、小子句的結構與功能以及小代號與大代號的區別等問題。希望本文的探討對於漢語限定子句與非限定子句的鑑別有所幫助。

The present paper discusses the distinction between finite and nonfinite clauses in Chinese by investigating whether they can form A-not-A questions and/or whether they may have the empty pronoun (PRO) as subject. If a predicate verb or adjective can form a A-not-A question, then a clause containing this predicate is a finite one; and if a predicate verb or adjective may have PRO as subject, then a clause containing this predicate is a nonfinite one. In the course of discussion, questions such as the distinction between the small pro and the big PRO as well as the comparison between the syntactic structure of the various complement clauses of control verbs, raising verbs and exceptional Case-marking verbs are also touched upon.