菲律賓的族群圖像與政策

Multicultural Politics of the Philippines

菲律賓是一個多元族群的國家，本文是一篇探索性與描述性的文章，目的在探究菲律賓的族群圖像以及語言和少數族群等主要族群政策。在族群圖像方面，本文發現菲律賓的族群歧異主要體現在語言與宗教層面；其中語言族群的分布與其分散的地理區域有密切的關聯性，至於宗教信仰則大致上與過去的殖民經驗有關。在語言政策方面，在獨立建國初期，菲律賓的語言政策圍繞在國語的選定與官方語言的認定上；而當代則有母語教育的議題。至於少數族群政策則規範於憲法裡，並體現在自治區的設立，以及原住民族權利的承認上。

The Philippines is a multiethnic country with diverse cultural characteristics, which are mainly represented in terms of ethno-linguistic and religious differences. The primary purpose of this paper aims to depict the Philippines’s ethnic composition as well as to analyze its major ethnic policies, including language policy and policy toward ethnic minorities. The major findings include: First, the Philippines’s ethnic cleavages were shaped by scattered geographical locations as well as colonial experiences. Second, the selection and reaffirmation of national language and official languages was the major issue of language politics in the 20th century, while the politics about mother tongue education has come on stage contemporarily. Third, the ethnic minority issues of the Philippines are regulated as a constitutional-level policy, which is primarily practiced in the establishment of autonomous regions and recognition of indigenous rights.