臺灣完全人工光型植物工廠之產業關聯分析

Artificial Light-Type Plant Factory in Taiwan-An Application of Input-Output Analysis

面對全球氣候變遷、可耕地減少、農業就業人口高齡化等問題，植物工廠的興起帶來契機。本文以完全人工光型植物工廠為分析對象，應用2011年臺灣產業關聯表，新增「植物工廠設備」與「植物工廠作物」兩部門進行情境設計，計算此產業未來可能創造出附加價值。本文由作物生產角度，考慮以專業生產萵苣類生菜取代進口做為潛在內銷市場，並分別假設50%與100%進口替代率，加上每公克生菜零售價為0.5與0.8元，建立兩種假設情境。另一方面同時考慮整廠輸出的潛在市場，並分別以內銷及外銷設計模擬情境。根據模擬結果發現，植物工廠的作物生產搭配整廠輸出，可創造總產出約1,514至3,111億元，提升406至842億元附加價值，創造近3,000至6,500人就業機會。未來臺灣發展機會可藉由大眾對食品安全日益重視及提倡永續發展概念推廣，但仍需考慮日本、中國、韓國等對手規模化發展所可能形成的價格競爭。

The main purpose of this study is to analyze the network effect of the plant factory production system and to measure the economic values of promoting the plant factory industry by applying the Input-output model. Two new activities, “plant-factory vegetable production” and “plant factory equipment production” are added into the 2011 Taiwan Input-Output table. Interviews with the operators of the existing plants are used to collect the cost and revenue information and to identify the strength and weakness of plant factories in Taiwan. Several scenarios were developed under the assumptions that plant factory production can substitute up to 50% or 100% of the imported lettuce, the prices of lettuce are 0.5 and 0.8 NT dollars per gram, and the plant factory equipments can be exported and take up 25% and 50% of the world market shares. Using Leotief inverse matric, we find that the plant factor industry can increase annual gross output by around 151.4 to 311.1 billion NT dollars, and the resultant value-added creation effect can reach 40.6 to 84.2 billion NT dollars per annum, as well as creating nearly 3,000 to 6,500 job opportunities. In the future, as consumers in Taiwan are willing to pay more attention and higher prices to ensure food safety and sustainable development, the opportunities for plant factories to grow will be much greater. However, price competition from the rapid expansion in Japan, China and Korea will become a challenge for the long-term development.