簡析中西太平洋漁業委員會公海漁業登檢程序

The Boarding and Inspection Procedure of WCPFC in a Nutshell

公海漁業之規制已經從強調公海捕魚自由，慢慢轉向至「公海捕魚規制」之方向，甚且從《魚群協定》之相關條文來看，更是強化與落實《聯合國海洋法公約》所強調之「合作機制」，促使「國際區域漁業管理組織」或者「分區域漁業管理組織」發揮更重要的功能。為達此一目的，各個設有海域執法機關的國家，為確認係爭船舶是否有無違反內國法及遵守法規範之狀態，皆會以法律或者命令制訂「登臨與檢查程序」，以執行公海登檢職務。由於公海登檢是一種主權的表徵，台灣在中西太平洋有龐大的作業船隊，自2007 年以來台灣政府高度重視，本文旨在探討我國公海登檢面臨的挑戰。

The legal regime of high sea fisheries activity has emerged from the emphasis of fishery freedom to the enforcement of regulatory framework. Through the establishment of the UN Fish Stocks Agreement, it has reinforced the cooperative mechanism under the UNCLOS and tended to confer more coordinating power and functions to the regional fisheries management organizations. Therefore, under the current development, every country that has costal enforcement agency will enforce several boarding and inspection procedure accordingly to make sure the fishing vessel in question will comply with the international and domestic legal regulations. On the other hand, boarding and inspection on the high sea is a symbol of exercising sovereign power. Thus, given that there are hundreds of thousand fishing vessel operated under Taiwanese frags on the high sea, the Taiwanese government has expressed high level of national interests on the boarding and inspection enforcement since 2007. This article aims to analyze the challenges of Taiwanese government concerning the enforcement of boarding and inspection procedure under the international and regional legal scheme.