天下一統或南北共存──宋遼衝突的國際關係理論驗證

All-Unified under Heaven or Coexistence between North and South: Theoretical Testing of the Song-Liao Conflicts

當代國際關係理論的重要概念，來自對五個世紀以來歐洲國際政治歷史的研究。近年來學界對非西方國際關係理論發展的可能性有深入的討論，尤其是關於東亞歷史中國際體系本質的問題。本文從原始史料著手，討論北宋初期宋遼之間武裝衝突的歷史，分別以攻勢現實主義與建構主義架構展開分析，企圖瞭解結構的限制力量，與行動者透過互動建立認同與規範，如何對這段歷史提出不同的解釋。

The essential concepts of contemporary International Relations (IR) Theories derived from studies on the history of international politics in Europe over the past five centuries. Recently, the possibilities of developing the non-western IR theories generated some in-depth discussions, especially on the questions concerning the nature of the international system in East Asian history. This paper, based on the original historical materials, analyses the armed conflicts between Song and Liao in the first forty years of the Northern Song Dynasty. We use the frameworks of Offensive Realism and Constructivism in order to understand how the structural limit and the identity and norm derived from interactions amongst agents can offer different interpretations for common historical facts.