從滿漢對音規則看《黃鍾通韻》所表現的尖團音分合狀況──兼論北京官話尖團音合流完成的年代

Research on the Jiantuanyin in the Huangzhong Tongyun Based on the Rules of Translation between Manchuscripts and Chinese Characters

都四德，滿洲鑲紅旗人，所著《黃鍾通韻》雖沒有滿文對音卻摻入了滿文資訊。本文利用滿漢對音規則來分析《黃鍾通韻》見精組細音字在該書韻圖中的分布格局，並解釋了其形成的原因。通過分析認為《黃鍾通韻》的見精組細音字已經顎化為[tþ]、[tþÁ]、[þ]了。另外，本文還考察了滿漢對音規則的歷史演變，認為十七世紀可能是北京官話尖團音合流的過渡時期，十七世紀末、十八世紀初，合流已經完成。

The author of the Huangzhong Tongyun 黃鍾通韻, Du Side 都四德, belonged to the Xianghongqi 鑲紅旗, a Manchu group. Although there are no transcriptions of Manchu words in his rhyme tables, they do contain information about the Manchu language. This paper uses the rules of translation between Manchuscripts and Chinese Characters to analyze the distribution of Jianjing-Group initials with high vowels in the book. Through the analysis, we find that the Jianjing-Group initials have already palatalized into [tþ]、[tþÁ]、[þ] in the book. In addition, we study the change of the rules of translation between Manchuscripts and Chinese Characters. We believe that the merging of jiantuanyin 尖團音 took place in the 17th century. At the end of the 17th century and at the beginning of the 18th century the merging was completed.