運用創新擴散理論於促進護理資訊系統之推展

Using Innovation Diffusion Theory to Improve Implementation of Nursing Information Systems

由於全球化的科技熱潮與病人安全議題的延伸，運用資訊科技以提昇工作效率及照護品質始終是各醫療機構積極努力的目標。護理人員不僅提供專業的病人照護服務及擔任醫病溝通中重要的橋樑，亦在醫療資訊化過程扮演著重要的角色，甚至相當多的實證研究指出護理人員是影響醫療機構資訊系統成功的首要條件。然而，醫療資訊化的轉變迫使護理人員不僅改變舊有工作習性，導致其緊張不安的情緒，其重要的關鍵更在於護理人員對於資訊系統的使用意願。有鑑於此，本文重新檢視Rogers創新擴散理論(Innovation Diffusion Theory)所涵蓋的重要概念，並探討創新特質對於科技採用過程的影響性。最後，藉由透過某醫院推動護理資訊系統過程之實例，說明創新擴散因素與護理人員採用護理資訊系統的相關性，並建議強化創新的五項特質，加深護理人員的認知，而能利於各機構推展護理資訊化作業，並做為後續護理資訊理論發展之參考。

The application of health information technology (IT) to improve healthcare efficiency and quality is an increasingly critical task for all healthcare organizations due to rapid improvements in IT and growing concerns with regard to patient safety. While a growing field of evidence supports that nurses frequently play key roles in steering the healthcare industry to achieve such goals, adoption and diffusion of technology remain complex processes. The application of IT still makes many nurses uneasy, while a main question remains whether nursing staff are willing to use state-of-the-art IT in their routine work. Addressing the application of IT in healthcare, this paper reviews the essential concepts of Rogers' innovation-diffusion theory regarding strategies for applying the characteristics of innovation and adoption processes. An example of applying the theory at one hospital is presented at the end to illustrate nursing information system implementation principles and propose suggestions for increasing general nurse application of IT in their regular work. Results may serve as references for future nursing informatics and theory development.