《世說新語》中所見魏晉名士的「傷逝情懷」試詮──對禮之契合、反抗與轉化

An Explanation for the Wei-Jin's intellectuals' ＂Sadness for the dead＂ on ＂Shishou Xinyu＂-fit, revolt and transform to the etiquette

「傷逝情懷」，向來是古典文學內涵中極其重要的表達主題之一，而魏晉時代又是名士傷逝深情普遍抑鬱難發的變異時期。劉義慶《世說新語》一書，即是此種時代特殊風貌與精神情態的現象紀錄，所以，在此書的三十六篇門類中，便有「傷逝篇」共計十九條的資料記載，用以描述名士們的思想情感。其條目雖然不多，但與之相關性質的故事內容，卻亦遍及於其他篇章中，尤以「德行」與「任誕」二篇為多。究竟其收編與劃歸的依據為何？乃是本文嘗試探究的要旨所在。筆者以為，魏晉名士的心態情識在與禮法的搭配關係上，大抵可依其各自的性格特質與思想觀念，而表現出三種不同的樣貌：情禮契合者，入「德行篇」；對禮之反抗者，入「任誕篇」；對禮之轉化者，入「傷逝篇」。據此可知，作者於分列此書有關魏晉名士的「傷逝情懷」門類時，確係有其篇目歸併的原則在。藉此發現，相信對於認識與瞭解魏晉時代特殊的精神風貌，或將有所幫助。

The ＂Sadness for the dead＂, is always in the classical literature connotation one of extremely important expression subjects, and the Wei-Jin Dynasty is also the intellectuals grieves for the dead the variation time which the affection universal despondent difficult to express. Liu Yiqing's ＂Shishuo Xinyu＂, is this kind of time special style and the energetic spirit phenomenon record, therefore, in this book's 36 chapters, then has ＂Sadness for the dead＂ the total 19 material records, with describes the intellectuals' thoughts and emotions. Although, its passage are not many, but with it related nature's story content, actually also spreads in other chapters, especially take ＂Virtue＂ and ＂Willful absurdity＂ two chapters as many. Is it incorporated and classified based on that? Is the gist of this article attempts to explore. In my opinion: when the mentality and emotion of the Wei-Jin's intellectuals was matching relationship with the etiquette, probably according to their own personality traits and the ideological concept, and show three different faces: try to fit the emotion to the etiquette, incorporated into ＂the chapter of Virtue＂; try to revolt against the etiquette, incorporated into ＂the chapter of Willful absurdity＂; try to transform the etiquette, incorporated into ＂the chapter of Sadness for the dead＂. So we can see, the author points out the category in this book of Wei-Jin's intellectuals' ＂Sadness for the dead＂, the incorporation and classification, is really have its principles. With this discovery, and I believe that knowledge and understanding of the Wei-Jin Dynasty's special spirit, will have the help.