吞嚥障礙之概念分析

Concept Analysis of Dysphagia

正常的進食是一個複雜的過程，吞嚥為一連串複雜的動作，當病患因吞嚥障礙困擾而無法與家人、朋友一同進食，享受吃的樂趣，相對的也減少了社交活動，造成病患的挫折感與社交隔離現象。雖然目前有不少的文獻探討吞嚥障礙的評估與處置，但並無針對吞嚥障礙作有系統的概念分析，故本文依Walker及Avent（2004）提出概念澄清與分析方法來進行吞嚥障礙的概念分析，廣泛性地查證此概念之定義及確認吞嚥障礙的概念性特徵，並且列舉典型、邊緣與相反案例作說明，同時確認吞嚥障礙發生的前因與後果並闡述相關實證資料。期望透過概念分析結果釐清吞嚥障礙之意義，以幫助臨床照護人員對吞嚥障礙的概念有進一步的認識並運用於相關專業照護領域上。

Swallowing is a complex process. Dysphasia may interrupt normal life activities such as having meals with family and friends and enjoying food. Consequently, patients with dysphasia are less likely to attend social activities, which may lead to social isolation and frustration. A review of the literature in Taiwan revealed a lack of recent systematic analysis on dysphasia. The purpose of this article was to discuss dysphasia within the concept analysis framework provided by Walker and Avant (2004). This article verified and confirmed the conceptual characteristics of dysphasia; identified antecedents and consequences; and elaborated on previous cases (including model, borderline, contradictory, and related cases). Empirical referents of dysphasia were also explored. It is hoped that this paper may provide a better understanding of the concept of dysphasia, which nurses may apply to clinical practice.