我國作物生產政策調整方略芻議

Taiwan Agricultural Production Policy Adjustment Proposals

我國當前作物生產政策中需要調整之處包括，(1)全球極端氣象事件發生頻率因全球暖化而增加，我國偏低的糧食自給率若不儘快設法提高，未來國人糧食需求恐將不易滿足；(2)現行之稻穀保價收購措施以及休耕補助措施，其政策目標競合，且造成政府財政負擔，對於減輕國人糧食安全風險也無助益；(3)隨著近年災害發生頻率增加與災情加劇，現行的農業天然災害救助措施已形成嚴重財政負擔，且不僅救助金額與生產成本相差太大，對於農民也不具有防減災的誘因；以及(4)如何將農業部門協助國家達成溫室氣體排放減量目標的經濟效益回饋給採用適當栽培管理措施之農地等。本研究依據WTO 有關農業境內支持之規範，引用屬於綠色措施之「糧食安全為目的之公共儲糧」、「分離所得支持措施」、「自然災害救濟給付」和「環境計畫下之給付」等項目，提出可以提高糧食自給率，分攤農業天然災害風險，且同時減少國家溫室氣體排放量之政策調整方案的基本架構，並進行初步政策效益評估。該方案可以達成(1)不減損現有農業生產收入、(2)促進農地活化、(3)培養核心農民、(4)鼓勵飼料玉米生產、(5)提高糧食自給率、(6)分攤農業天然災害風險、(7)降低國家溫室氣體排放量等多重政策目標，且不至於造成政府嚴重財政負擔，又可簡化政府預算支出項目，較單一政策目標的調整方式更能從整體的角度考量未來農業部門的永續發展，值得繼續就實施細節給予更深入的思考，減少可能的缺失，提高政策實施的可行性。

Some of Taiwan’s current agricultural policies require immediate adjustments,e.g. (1) the very low food self-sufficient ratio may not satisfy the national’s fooddemand when considering the increasing occurrence of extreme weather eventsaround the world due to global warming, (2) the subsidy to maintain the domestic riceprice higher than world market and the subsidy to set aside paddy fields are policiesthat are not only in contradiction but also severe financial burden to the governmentand has no contributions to relieve the food security risks, (3) current reliefmeasurements for natural disasters have already created large financial burden tothe government but big differences between financial aids and production cost stillexist and are not capable of encouraging farmers pay more attention on disastermitigation measures, and (4) the agricultural lands that employ measures to reducenational greenhouse gas emissions deserve proper rewarding. In this study,integrated agricultural policies adjustments are proposed, which have potentials toraise food self-sufficiency ratio, reduce natural disaster risks, and decrease nationalgreenhouse gas emission. The proposed adjustments are in accordance with greenbox measures of WTO domestic support, such as accumulation and holding of publicstocks for food security purposes, decoupled income support measures, naturaldisaster relief, and payments under environmental programs. The proposals have thepotential to accomplish the following goals, (1) no loss of current labor income, (2)promote agricultural land utilization, (3) incubation of core farmers, (4) encouragefeed corn production, (5) increase food self-sufficiency ratio, (6) reduce naturaldisaster risks, and (7) decrease greenhouse gas emission. Besides, the proposal willnot increase government budgets but will simplify the expenditures items. Theadjustments planed sustainable development of agricultural sectors from a moreintegrated perspective and thus worth further exploration in order to deduce possibledefects and increase applicability.