大專競技啦啦隊運動員完美主義、身體意象與自尊之關係

The relationship of perfectionism, body image and self-esteem among Cheerleading university athletes

本研究之目的為：探討不同性別、BMI、運動年齡之大專啦啦隊運動員完美主義與身體意象、自尊之差異及其關係。研究對象為：中部地區大專院校競技啦啦隊運動員，共197名，平均年齡為19.25 ± 1.60歲；平均運動年齡為2.73 ± 1.99年。研究工具：自尊量表、運動員完美主義量表及身體意象量表。統計分析使用t檢定、單因子變異數分析及階層線性迴歸分析。結果發現：一、在自尊方面，男性高於女性，運動年齡高者高於運動年齡低者。在完美主義方面，運動年齡高者高於運動年齡低者。二、除關注失誤外，自尊與完美主義及身體意象各分量表皆呈顯著相關。三、以階層分析預測自尊，結果顯示：各個變項對於自尊的解釋量為44%。其中預測力最高為高個人標準及教練施壓。結論：性別、高個人標準、教練施壓及身體意象分量表可預測競技啦啦隊運動員自尊。

Objectives: To explore the difference and relationship among gender, BMI , exercise-age level on perfectionism and body image and self -esteem. Participants: The participants consisted of 197 cheerleading athletes from universities in central - Taiwan. Their age range =19.25±1.60 years, and mean exercise-age =2.73±1.99. Methods: The measurements included Self-Esteem Scale, Athletes Perfectionism Scale and Body Image Scale. The collect data were analysis by t-test, one way ANOVA and hierarchical linear regression. Results: First, male was better than female, high exercise-age participants were better than low exercise-age on self-esteem. High exercise-age participants were better than low exercise-age on perfectionism. Second, perfectionism and body image subscales were significantly associated with self-esteem except concern over mistakes. Third, using hierarchical linear regression analysis to predict self-esteem, after control gender and exercise-age all variables explained self-esteem 44% variance, in which the highest predictive variable was personal standards and coach pressure. Conclusions: This study indicates that sex, personal standards, coach pressure and body image subscale can predict cheerleading athletes self-esteem.