生活型態改變對一位肥胖患者減重之成效

Lifestyle Changes: Effects on an Obese Patient

不良的生活型態易導致肥胖，故減重須由改變生活型態著手。而生活型態由許多個人行為所組成，若護理人員能協助肥胖患者於生活中找出與肥胖相關的特定行為，並引導患者了解行為的導因，進而發展改善措施，可有效幫助肥胖患者減重並避免慢性疾病的發生。本文描述一位嘗試過數次減重卻成效不彰的肥胖患者，筆者運用自我調節理論協助個案檢視自己的生活型態，找出與肥胖有關的高油飲食、宵夜、零食習慣及缺乏運動等行為，協助個案思索導致這些行為發生的原因，探討為何以往無法有效改善，引導個案針對行為導因發展可行的改善措施。經過六週後，個案體重、體脂肪及身體質量指數順利下降且沒有復胖情形；經過三個月的追蹤後，個案體重減輕近10公斤，體脂肪率也下降10%。期待此生活型態改變之減重模式能提供護理人員參考，以協助肥胖患者達到減重及預防慢性病之目的。

Obesity is often caused by an unhealthy lifestyle, which is a composite of various individual behaviors. Nurses may assist obese patients to lose weight and avoid chronic disease by identifying risky lifestyle behaviors and helping to develop improvement strategies. This article describes the nursing experience of the authors in caring for an obese patient who had made several unsuccessful attempts to reduce weight. An intervention approach was used to review the patient’s lifestyle. Using self-regulation theory, the authors identified that the patient’s fat-related daily behavior included: lack of exercise, high-fat diet, and daily snacks consumed even late at night. The authors also helped the patient discover the reasons underlying his fat- related behavior and his previous failed attempts to lose weight and to develop a feasible improved approach that considered such. After six weeks of care, the patient’s body weight had reduced and body fat and body mass index had decreased with no relapse. The patient further lost significant weight and body fat during the three-month follow up period. The authors would like to share with nursing professionals this approach to weight loss, with the hope that this case study can contribute to medical efforts to help obese patients not only lose weight but also prevent chronic illnesses.